Which signal of pain might be observed in horses?

Altered head carriage is a significant indicator of pain in horses. When a horse is in discomfort, it may hold its head in an abnormal position—either too high or too low, or it might exhibit a stiff or tense posture. This change in head position can be a response to pain as the horse tries to alleviate discomfort or as a reflex to a painful stimulus in areas such as the neck, back, or elsewhere in the body.

While vocalizing loudly, grinding teeth, and restlessness can also signify pain and discomfort in horses, these behaviors can vary widely based on individual temperament and the specific context of the pain experienced. Altered head carriage is often one of the first visible signs that caretakers may notice in a horse exhibiting pain, making it a particularly important signal to recognize.